The Fine Art of Policing 12-Year-Olds
The El Cerrito police officer assigned to Portola Middle School is one of three school resource officers assigned to El Cerrito campuses under an agreement with the school district.
Brian Elder is a sworn officer of the El Cerrito Police Department. But his current assignment is a bit different than that of most of his fellow officers. His beat is Portola Middle School, which means most of the people he’s policing are 12- and 13-year-olds. It’s an assignment that requires more, not less, training.
Certification as a school resource officer requires an additional 40 hours of class beyond the regular police training. The training covers issues such as laws related to school campuses, drugs and alcohol at school, and communicating with students, parents and educators. Because of their special relationship with the schools, resource officers are afforded greater leeway, primarily in search and seizure and in contacting and detaining students.
Elder is one of three school resource officers who are part of the El Cerrito force but funded through the West Contra Costa Unified School District. An El Cerrito officer was first assigned to El Cerrito High in November. 2005, according to the police department’s website. A second officer was later added at the high school. Elder has been at Portola for more than two years. The officers currently assigned to the high school are Jeff Albrandt and Ed Jacala.
There was talk of cutting the program from the school district budget for the coming school year. It was ultimately included for 2011-12 but its future beyond that remains uncertain.
“It’s made a huge difference,” Charles Ramsey, president of the school board, said of the arrangement to have the police departments of each of the local cities, plus the sheriff’s department for the unincorporated areas, provide campus officers. Ramsey said the program has resulted in a more relaxed, secure environment on the campuses.
“The statistics support it," he said. "There’s better reporting, better administration, better city support, dispatch is better. I think everybody is pleased.”
While Ramsey said safe schools are "a priority for everyone,” the school district’s funding in coming years is highly uncertain. The district relied heavily on one-time funds to balance the budget for the coming school year.
The budget adopted by the school district for 2011-12 includes $420,000 for the three officers in El Cerrito; $320,000 to pay for two officers in Pinole, with a third paid for by the city; $160,000 to pay for an officer in Hercules with a second financed by that city; $876,000 to pay for six officers in Richmond with another paid for by the city; and $193,000 to pay for an officer through the Contra Costa Sheriff’s Department. Both officers in San Pablo are funded by the city.
The total cost to the school district is close to $2 million. It covers costs such as vehicles and other equipment, training and administration in addition to the officers’ salary and benefits. (The attached table shows funding allocations for school resource officers in the district.)
Ramsey said the school district approached the cities to contribute to the cost of the school resource officers and that El Cerrito is the only city not doing so.
Elder agrees that the school resource officer program has made a dramatic difference but said the job is not for everyone.
“The number one issue, for being a SRO, you really have to have the mentality for it,” Elder said. While officers are trained to be cautious about having people around them, particularly behind them, he said, you don’t have that luxury on a campus surrounded by middle school students. “They want to run up to you, ask about your gun, poke you. It’s a different mentality. Not everyone is cut out for that.”
Spending time on campus regularly, he knows what to expect. To someone coming onto campus during lunch, he said, “It might sound like a riot. But that’s absolutely normal.”
As an officer working on a school campus, his time is skewed heavily toward detecting problems and defusing them before a crime ever occurs. It’s not uncommon for him to spend time herding students into class who linger after the bell has rung. He’s gotten to know that trouble may be brewing simply by what students he is seeing together.
A lot of his work, he said, is mediating and counseling. It’s often interpersonal conflicts that lead to fights or kids getting jumped, so it pays to help students resolve those problems before they result in a crime.
He might find himself telling the parent of a student, “I see some real big issues in his future” if he doesn’t make changes, then talking about how the school, police and parents can work together to turn things around.
Elder said a sure sign that the program is having an impact, aiding a more manageable facility, is the decrease in his paperwork since the move to the temporary campus at the beginning of the 2010-11 school year. The most common crimes on the school campus, he said, are simple assault, petty theft and possession of drugs or alcohol.
He works four 10-hour days, with other patrol officers checking in on the campus on the weekday he’s off. He usually begins his work day by checking the routes commonly taken by students to the campus and providing a presence as students arrive for school. Just his being there tends to put drivers on their best behavior, making it easier for kids to get to school safely.
Similarly, when the school day is over he continues to monitor the students as they head home. He also often responds to calls off campus that involve juveniles. Because of his training and experience, he said, victims or suspects might offer information they otherwise wouldn’t share.
Elder said the school resource officers work closely with the school administrators. Each has his or her own responsibilities but keep one another informed. Even problems with students off campus are reported back to the school staff.
Having an officer on campus eliminates concerns that existed before the joint agreement that crimes weren’t always reported accurately and quickly, if at all, to the police department. Elder said having officers on campus takes the responsibility off administrators of figuring out what constitutes a crime. And if the officers ever need support, back-up from their own department is a call away.
For parents, he said, the program provides a sense of security that when they drop off their children they’ll be safe, and the students themselves feel safer as well. Students have an opportunity for positive and informal contact with police, and parents as well may become more comfortable interacting with officers. Elder said some have even contacted him after their children are out of the school for advice.
Even the kids who are doing something wrong, he said, are better off seeing the consequences of their actions, whether it’s an arrest or having him talk to them about the choices they made.
“Kids get to see cause and effect of their actions, that they will be held accountable for their behavior. I can provide them with a practical look at right and wrong.” If a problem doesn’t get addressed, he said, “One kid is not going to feel safe at school, and the other kid does not see the consequences of their actions.”
Officers from El Cerrito, as well as the other agencies under contract with the school district, do occasional truancy sweeps, in an effort to keep the students out of trouble as well as improve attendance. Elder said all of the West County jurisdictions have enacted school-hour curfews that make combating truancy easier.
This summer, Elder and Jacala, one of the El Cerrito High officers, are working summer school at Portola. The officers also take their vacations during the summer, do any training at that time, and do other patrol work in the department.
Elder said the school resource officers are well known in the community and it’s not uncommon to have someone call out his name even when he’s off campus. He could be in his current position for up to three more years but ultimately will be moved to another position in keeping with department policy. It strengthens the force, he said, to have officers with a variety of special training. And because of his daily contact with students, he expects to remain “highly identifiable for years to come.”
Jean Eger
12:55 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
A feeling of being safe is very important to a student's ability to focus on academic learning in the classroom. Obviously if a student's attention is constantly demanded by concern about being jumped by other students. they have to pay attention to the kids around them, not to the teacher or the classwork. So he or she is not going to do well in school. Plus they have the emotional context of the affective filter which puts up a barrier to learning, except what they are learning about the anticipated danger. The kids usually like the police officers and trust them and feel safe with them around. As a San Francisco Unified sub, I knew that the kids would act up until I called the school security--that's who they wanted to see. The security person comes to the door and tells them it's all right for me to be there, so then they settle down. I was very grateful for the backup and support of the police officers.
Jean Womack
Marty
2:47 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
Why should El Cerrito subsidize the SROs at Portola and ECHS? The majority of their students come from outside the city, as do an even larger majority of the troublemakers. In fact, judging from the police blotter, Richmond should pay El Cerrito for the disproportionate amount of the police budget directed toward Richmond residents visiting El Cerrito, on and off campus. Also, last year the WCCUSD board directed staff to come up with some "best practices" initiatives to reduce truancy. What happened to that? Truancy cost the district millions a year in ADA money, yet instead of plugging that hole they propose yet another parcel tax to make up the difference. I'll not vote for another tax until the parents of these no-shows are held to account.
Jean Eger
5:50 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
I had a very influential boyfriend who planned, when my son was only 5 years old, for him to become an emancipated minor when he was 14 years old. (Thats another word for high school drop out.) I think they did that to save money on AFDC. They could have cured my eating disorder, and helped me find a steady job. But then my son and I would no longer have been controlled by them: i.e., we would have escaped enforced poverty and ignorance.
Jean Eger
5:59 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
PS to my last comment: probably the reason why the county did not liberate Jaycee Dugard sooner was because they would have had to put her on AFDC and that would have cost money. So they just let her stay there with Garrido.
Jean Eger
6:06 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
PS #2 to my last comment. When he was 18, my son joined the army in Hawaii, and after two years they asked him what he wanted to do next. He said he had joined the Army to get money for college (thanks to his mom giving him the example of constantly going back to CCC to take courses, even though her father, ex husband and boyfriend predicted she would never graduate.) The Army suggested he try out for West Point. He was admitted but had to spend a year at "West Point Prep" brushing up on English and math. He graduated from West Point in 1992. I am very proud of him. He is still a career Army officer. I never did get an invitation to his high school graduation, though he told me he graduated from high school in Hawaii.
Jean Eger
6:21 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
PS#3 The boyfriend probably wasn't a Boalt law school graduate like he said he was, or he would not have been talking about my son dropping out of high school. He was probably a graduate of some prison law school. He had some good things about him, but telling the truth wasn't one of them.
Michael O'Connor
5:22 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
Back a few years, when the WCCUSD hired a professional, outside REAL police professional to take on the problem of incompetent Local 1 manned school security, and make a recommendation as to it's future. He proposed turning policing over to local agencies. Local 1 used its political power to force the Board to turn down his proposal, and he quit in disgust. A few weeks later, on the first day of school, an El Cerrito resident student was shot in the neck right outside the entrance to the temporary campus. The then Principal, along with the Local 1 Keystone cops, refused to notify the El Cerrito Police. The exasperated mother of the injured student emailed a few of her fellow PTSA members, and I forwarded her email to the entire School Board, the El Cerrito City Council and the El Cerrito Police Chief. The El Cerrito Police have been on campus ever since.
John Stashik
7:26 pm on Monday, July 18, 2011
What a sad sign of the times. The fact that a full time cop is needed on a school campus doesn't say much for type of students (and especially their parents) that are in school these days.
Jean Eger
12:04 am on Tuesday, July 19, 2011
I remember that a SFUSD cop gave me the assignment of calling parents of kids who did not show up for school the first day. You know that is before Labor Day, not after Labor day. The cop said that children who were not in school before Labor Day were considered to be missing children. I could not recall him ever missing those days of school, but we never went anywhere. I sent him to these wonderful day camps and he even got scholarships up to Lawrence Hall of Science computer camps. I said, if you will just sit down for a half hour and fill this form out, it's worth $500. That's a thousand dollars an hour for a little bit of work. He could understand that. So he was glad to get a scholarship to go to West Point, though they took nearly all their paycheck back to buy uniforms, etc. Anyway, I was calling those San Francisco parents to beg them to bring their children to school. I thought I had the appropriate tone of voice and pathos going over the telephone after that cop got through talking to me about it.
Jean Eger
12:08 am on Tuesday, July 19, 2011
I wish someone had called ME up and begged me to bring my son to school and reminded me that it was the law that he had to be in school, because I was letting him stay home more than I should have. No one ever called me to say he wasn't there. Did someone else get those telephone calls who wanted my son to be an emancipated minor? Someone else pretending to be his parent? I went to the school once to talk to him and they said they didn't know where he was.
Todd Groves
8:18 am on Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Bottom line, the SRO's are very effective at their jobs. The climate change before and after their presence has been night and day. Serious crime used to be an issue on campus, but no longer. At ECHS, the number of fights through this entire year might have been seen in a single day prior to ECPD on campus. Can we maintain or improve school climate if the SRO's are no longer present? I think it depends on how we respond.
Irene Rojas-Carroll
12:17 am on Monday, September 26, 2011
Aren't SROs different from ECPD officers assigned to schools? I.e., at ECHS wasn't Christian's job title different than Officer Jacala's? Or are ECPD officers included under the category of SRO? I think there's an important distinction.
Betty Buginas
5:46 am on Monday, September 26, 2011
The school district contracts with the city of El Cerrito to provide the school resource officers (SROs). They are police officers and members of the El Cerrito police department, and receive additional training to prepare them to work on school campuses. They can also easily call for additional support from other members of the police force as needed. An El Cerrito High student handbook http://www.wccusd.net/2325204816122227/lib/2325204816122227/StudentHandbook.pdf?2325Nav=|&NodeID=603 lists a site supervisor named Mr. Otheree Christian so that would make him a school district employee, not a police officer (though if he’s the same person listed here, he looks like he has an interesting background: http://content.postnewsgroup.com/?p=7704 ). Because of tight finances, it is uncertain whether the school district will continue to fund the SROs in the 2012-13 school year and beyond. Other West County cities fund some of the SROs on the school campuses in their communities but El Cerrito does not, so we could be particularly hard hit.
Irene Rojas-Carroll
6:37 am on Monday, September 26, 2011
Ms. Buginas - to clarify, are you saying that SROs = ECPD officers on campus and that site supervisors are district employees, not SROs?
Betty Buginas
7:39 am on Monday, September 26, 2011
Yes, Irene.
Jean Eger
10:30 am on Tuesday, July 19, 2011
One summer I got a job teaching Great Books to some of the cutest fifth graders you will ever meet, in the San Francisco Sunset District. The principal said she fired the previous teacher because he had taken the kids out on the playground even though she told him not to. She said they didn't have enough security (police) to protect those kids on the playground in the summer, so she couldn't let them go out on the playground. One of the kids was the ringleader and of course he started in on me too, telling me that summer was a time for playing outside, not staying inside studying, which is what they were there for. He was also urging the boys to go into the girls restrooms and vice versa. So I told the kids, this kid is trying to get you into trouble and then when you do it, he comes to me and tells me about it so you will get in trouble. So I said, don't fall for it. The next day he had dropped out of summer school and the rest of the summer was peaceful. I don't like to lose any of them, but I like to get a paycheck too. In my mind I can hear that kids' dad telling him it's fun to go into the girls restroom. That kid winds up hanging out with Officer Elder. I think he is worth every dime they pay him.
Jean Eger
11:07 am on Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Now that I think about it, I guess maybe I could have sat down with that little ringleader myself and had a talk with him, but I had not reached that level of school teaching yet. We had a curriculum to cover and I did not have time to teach and be a counselor too, I thought. The Great Books curriculum was completely new to me so I spent the rest of my time learning it, so I could teach it to the kids. The kids had to go out to the playground to go to the restrooms and then I had to get them back into the classroom. Usually subs do not call the police for help until the kids reach middle school age, though I am sure we would all like to have Arnold show up in our classroom. You just have to learn classroom management techniques. Sink or swim, as they say. One of the those little kids was so frightened that he had brought a large knife to school with him and the other kids tattled on him to me. So I sent him to the principal. He had to sit in the principal's office at lunch time, until I wondered why they didn't send him back right away as was the usual case with me. So I went looking for him and then she sent him back to class. By the end of the summer school, he seemed to be losing weight so I wrote the SFPD a letter about it after school was over, which was probably a stupid thing for me to do. Sometimes bigger kids take the little kids' lunches away from them and they might be afraid to complain to the school security officer. But I am not afraid anymore.
Michele Urnberg-Jawad
5:13 pm on Tuesday, July 19, 2011
I would like to add my comments here. Again, with the safety? 10+ years ago I, and many hardworking parents, fought very hard to bring safety to our school campuses. As a lifelong resident of El Cerrito, I was appalled at the stories my then middle school child was bringing home, and didn’t believe her. So I took a week off from work to hang out and roam the halls…WOW!! Eye opener. The result was the volunteer safety parents with a lot of hard work and input from the ECPD, administrators, PTSA, and concerned citizens. Then at long last the SRO program. Long story short, if you do away with the SRO’s you are moving backward. If you are lax with your safety parents DON’T BE….We saw what happened with Portola when our guard was let down. You can look at your local and national educational institutions to see that violence is not just going to go away..Colleges are no better. I am an Adult school educator and have seen violence on our campus…Let’s work together for all students everywhere..and make it a positive, not a negative!
Michele Urnberg-Jawad
Marty
2:34 pm on Wednesday, July 20, 2011
The sad fact is that SROs are necessary due to a handfull of kids who should be in juvie or reform school. That's $100K+ a year that could be spent on art, music, libraries, etc. Their parent(s) are in denial; witness the reaction to the assault on Ms. Carrico two years ago. So, as usual, the burden falls to the parents and students who do care, and the taxpayers. Fortunately, Matt Burham won't tolerate anti-social behavior at Portola. Perhaps the gang at Bissell finally got the message that if they want EC residents to support and attend the public schools, they have to deal with the delinquents (on and off campus) and stop making excuses. Things are improving, but it is premature to remove the SROs.
Todd Groves
9:25 am on Thursday, July 21, 2011
Marty, in my experience at Portola and ECHS, kids from "good" homes can cause as much difficulty as deeply troubled ones. Few of us are perfect parents, and our community can do much better at guiding kids down the right path. Cell phones and internet are causing a generational rift of greater magnitude than that baby boomers and their parents. We've subjected these kids to the biggest social experiment in generations, and it takes a toll. A pediatrician told me she now considers adolescence a disease, complete with remissions.
Juvenile justice is often a point on no return. SRO's can bend the curve on some trajectories, saving incalculably from future social costs. We need to do much more. Kids at Portola are often aching for someone to look up to. How often do kids see modeled what we expect of them? A firm, caring adult presence at all times in our schools and community would work miracles, and is the only answer I can see. Actualizing this won't be easy, but is possible. . For one, I would rest easier knowing the community could compensate for gaps in my own parenting skills.
Jean Eger
10:02 am on Thursday, July 21, 2011
I was a student teacher at age 57, give or take a few years. After dropping out of the credential program to get another round of treatments for breast cancer, I had to beg San Francisco State to let me back into the program. They finally found an art teacher at Galileo High School who I suspected (years later) was in the juvenile justice system, because they never told me, as I went from school to school, which ones were the "bad" schools and which ones were the "bad" classes. This teacher told me to sit on that chair, next to the door and don't move and don't say anything, because it was going to take the kids a while to get used to me. They didn't like strangers. But I found out that I was not the only one who was rooted to her chair in that classroom. Those kids would not get up out of their seats without an act of Congress or an OK from that teacher, and neither would I. What else can I say?
Jean Eger
10:09 am on Thursday, July 21, 2011
Yet, at that same high school, there were more kids in the hallway, gatherered around the hall monitors who were sitting at many of the corners of the hallways, than there were in some classrooms. In that school year, one child was shot and killed. The kids put long rolls of white paper up on the walls of the school and the other kids wrote on it, with messages, names, pictures, whatever they had to say. They had a week of memorials outside in inner courtyard. I went out there because I thought that there should be some white people there too, showing some concern for the kids, not just black kids at those memorials. I did not want those kids to think the whole world was against them. I was pretty sure that the whole world was not against them, even though it feels that way, sometimes.
Jean Eger
9:45 am on Friday, July 22, 2011
Thanks for letting me write about my experiences in the San Francisco public schools. I hope it has some relevance to El Cerrito. I know there were some people who did not want me to write about my experiences teaching in the public schools. I wonder where is the rich American literature we deserve? Why are we relegated to reading novels by British authors and watching movies about private British schools, when we could have authors of the quality of Frank McCourt (Teacher Man), or Belle Kaufman (Up the Down Staircase) regaling us with American experience. It's like, no one expects to climb to the level of Mark Twain, but please don't tell teachers to stop writing!
Jean Eger
5:45 pm on Friday, July 22, 2011
You can just erase my remarks. It's all right. I don't care. I just thought my experience could benefit someone else and give some insight as to why cops are needed on school campuses. You have people who put labels on other people and dump them into a category of people to be despised, but it's not that simple. I come from the school of thought that believes that people should not be condemned to a lifetime of being labeled with their crime, as if that was all there was to that person, instead of a being a person who was misguided and led into doing something harmful or destructive or bad for himself or others, and then was stopped from repeating it over and over again. Like, I take college classes that teach people how to rescue youth from a self-destructive lifestyle. And they don't do it by putting labels on the kids, but yes, they do use labels in that classroom too. However the guest speaker used labels but the regular teacher never does. So maybe that's why she's the regular teacher and not someone else, do you suppose, huh? Maybe that's why her students adore her and she has been teaching at that college for many years even though she teaches very very sensitive subjects--because she doesn't use labels.